By : Kadek Rosa Mariana Dewi, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha
Personality is one of the psychological studies that was born based on the thoughts, studies or findings (the results of case handling practices) of experts, the object of personality studies is “human behavior”, human behavior whose discussion is related to the existence, why, and how of such behavior. Personality is an internal or psychological trait, namely the quality of innate ability to influence people and special temperament that distinguishes one individual from another. Personality is related to the existence of differences in the inner psychological characteristics of humans, these differences in characteristics describe the unique characteristics of each individual. The difference in characteristics will affect the individual’s response to the environment (stimulus) consistently.
Personality development is a process that hones the good traits in a person and reduces the bad traits. Each individual is a unique and specific creation, humans grow and develop with others, so other humans are needed to convey their ideas, their work, and their aspirations. A person’s personality is described in various characteristics, by understanding these characteristics one can understand their personality. Some characteristics that are important in recognizing a person are: Physical appearance, temperament, and pathological tendencies.
Personality always develops in the course of its formation, a person will continue to receive various stimuli from his environment, which can then affect his personality. Supporting factors for this personality development are where everyone can basically develop themselves, if they have a strong desire to change and develop towards a better direction. Then as for the inhibiting factors, namely: factors that come from oneself, factors that come from the environment, and others.
Implementation of Cognitive Theory in Early Childhood Personality Development
Cognitive theory is a process of human thinking that is central to personality theory and cognitive theory develops in a social context, in other words, a person gains thoughts about themselves through social interaction. For the first time this cognitive theory was discovered by Albert Bandura and Walter Mischel. In Bandura’s theory explains that cognitive theory is more likely to pay attention to the “self-process”, where the self-process in thinking involves individual goals, self-evaluation and beliefs about the ability to achieve goals. Meanwhile, Walter Mischel’s theory explains that the characteristics of a person are about dimensions that are general in nature, and provide conclusions for each of their average behaviors.
A child’s cognitive development refers to the process of remembering, decision-making and problem-solving. This development can be different for each child. The stages of cognitive development in children include: sensorimotor, pre-operational, concrete operational and formal operational stages. Early childhood is an individual who is undergoing a rapid development process and is fundamental to the life of further development. This process coincides with a very large ability to absorb new information and experiences early in life. First physical development, physical development essentially takes place regularly according to the age of the child, it is explained that physical development in early childhood runs quickly and growth is cephalo caudal (the growth process starts from the head to the feet) and also proxima distal (the growth process starts from the center of the body outwards, gross motor development also develops first before fine motor develops). Physical development is also related to the environment in which children grow, because physical development is related to the fulfillment of nutritional needs and the availability of places to move freely.
Secondly social development, social development is not much different from the previous development, for example if there is a stimuli of hunger or pain then the response that can be given by a baby is a form of crying that is completely indistinguishable. Third, personality development, building trust is important in early childhood, through friendships and interactions that occur in the school environment. Fourth, self-concept development, in the early stages the child develops a concept of himself as an individual separated from others for several years. But then through the first interactions between the child and parents and family or others outside the family, the child gradually begins to develop a concept of who and what they are.Fifth, the identification of sex roles, sex roles become important in social development. After the age of three they begin to identify themselves as boys or girls. Sixth, emotional development, like the development described above, emotional development also follows stages of development and growth. In infants, they react to any emotion by making indistinguishable crying sounds.
Conclusion
Personality development is a process that hones the good traits in a person and reduces the bad traits. Each individual is a unique and specific creation, humans grow and develop with others, so other humans are needed to convey their ideas, their work, and their aspirations. Cognitive theory is a process of human thinking that is central to personality theory and cognitive theory develops in a social context, in other words a person gains thoughts about themselves through social interaction. Children’s cognitive development refers to the process of remembering, decision-making, and problem-solving. This development can vary from child to child. Early childhood development theory includes physical development, social development, personality development, self-concept development, sex role identification and emotional development.
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