Oleh : Putu Galih Amerta Suci, Guidance And Counseling, Ganesha University Of Education
Introduction
Theories of personality development explain how a person’s personality forms and develops over time. There are several theories of personality, but most of these theories agree that personality is shaped by the interaction between innate and environmental factors. One of the most famous personality theories is Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory. Sigmund Freud was a neurologist and psychiatrist. Freud was the person who initiated the idea of personality theory for psychoanalysis. Psychoanalytic theory is a theory that explains the development of human personality. This element includes internal and external aspects. Actually, the theory of consciousness is also a theory of psychoanalysis. However, in 1923, Freud introduced a newer model of psychoanalysis. This concept still departs from the theory of consciousness but is more complex than that. Freud divided it into id, ego, and superego. The id is the original personality trait that one is born with. Examples are instincts, impulses, and desires. The id operates in the unconscious region. It is concerned with the physical process of obtaining psychic energy that is used to operate the systems of the other personality structures. It causes a person to move based on the pleasure principle, which is trying to obtain pleasure and avoid pain. This movement is divided into two ways, namely reflexes and primary processes. Reflex is when a person immediately takes action on their desires, while the primary process is by imagining it first. The second is the ego or Das Ich. The ego’s role is to choose which desires to respond to in order of priority and when. The ego actually works to satisfy the id because the ego does not have its own energy. The third is the superego or Das Ueber Ich. The superego is the moral and ethical force of the personality. This stage works using idealistic principles and is the opposite of the id. This idealistic principle is divided into two, namely conscience and ego ideal. The conscience is the thing that departs from the experience of things that should not be done. The ego ideal, on the other hand, is what directs us towards things that should be done.
Influence of personality theory
Based on the three elements above, it can be concluded that the three components are interrelated in forming human personality. Id is the biological component and the center of instinct or lust. It is selfish and does not care about reality. das es is the largest part that affects human life continuously with the impulses of passion that residing in it. Das es itself is the bottom layer, by Freud considered as one of the animal passions, in addition to libido. Libido or sexual desire and aggressive aggressive is not in the sense of sexual urges as adults. das es as a storehouse of lust in the unconscious will cause a person to be in difficulty interacting with other people with his life activities. While the ego is a psychological component and serves to bridge the id to remain realistic. Das ich is the implementation of all the urges and desires of lust, libido desired by das es. Das es will act to carry out the urges of das ich. das ich is the suspension bridge that connects the needs, and the actions or tools to serve das es. The action of das ich in trying to serve the unconscious das es is done in a conscious state. Das ich carries out all actions in the consciousness. Or it can be said that das ich is considered a kind of mediator that exists in the passions in the das es with the outside world consisting of material reality and society. The superego is the social component and conscience. If all three are related to each other in a balanced way, a balanced personality will be formed. All the norms of life in the world that affect das ich imprint on das uber ich. Therefore, das uber ich functions to exercise control over the activities of das ich, in addition to functioning as a moral force.
Bibliography
Alwisol. 2005. Psikologi Kepribadian. Malang: Universitas Muhammadyah Malang
